During the Warth’s formation,in the Third Geological Period,when great changes were in affect a chain of discounted volcanic activities was created within Central Anatolia. The Erciyes Mountain ( Argeus 3916 m  ),The Mount Hasan ( Athar 3256 m ) and Melendiz Mountain ( 2935 m ) erupted after each other.In the North, the laves of Melendiz and Hasan Mountains mixed with that of Erciyes and formed a small plateau.Both volcanic mountains’repaetedly continued activities forced the Central Anatolia to be formed under the seccession of lavas,tufe and volcanic ashes and dusts.

The orhographic state of the area is only seen in Cappadocia. In such an area like Cappadocia there are rivers with plenty and continuosly flowing waters. Kızılırmak ( The Red River ) which divides Cappadocia into two parts is one of them.It receives water foram many sources and serves important duties in descharging the snow melted waters.

There are also a number of craters lakes and some natural springs. (up to 60 C hot ) in the area.In winter,it snows heavily for three to four months.In the high plateau the nights become cold.There are sudden changes of seasons.the erosion which is caused by these weather conditions made special shapes of rock splits, lave and tufa over the different hardness and texture of the land.( Fairy Chimneys, for instance )

All of these strange formations and easily carved rocks were and stil are used as houses by the local people for centruries.They are resembled like a mole nest by making stores,temples,shelters,graves and pigeon lofts.